Medicine in England and Scotland provides solid foundations for building the professional future of every young student. There are more than 30 notable medical schools in England and Scotland. The duration of medical studies is 5 years. Upon completion of the 5-year course, graduates obtain a Bachelor of Medicine (MBChB) or Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree. However, it is possible to pursue an additional year to obtain an additional degree (eg BSc, BA) in a research field. In some Universities the extra year is compulsory. Upon completion of the undergraduate degree, graduates are required to train for an additional 2 years at hospitals or clinics.